SOTER支持下海南岛土壤侵蚀模拟与影响因子分析

基于SOTER数据库,利用USLE方程对海南岛土壤的现实和潜在侵蚀量进行了定量估算,结果表明海南岛92.82%的面积土壤侵蚀量在500t/km2·a以下,侵蚀主要发生在中坡度坡地和高坡度丘陵区;而由于其所处的特殊气候区,潜在侵蚀量巨大,中度以上侵蚀面积达到全岛的90.67%。酸性常湿雏形土、铝质湿润雏形土和铁质湿润雏形土相对侵蚀程度大,粉砂岩、泥岩地区最容易发生侵蚀。     

润滑油抗氧剂的作用机理

简介了润滑油使用过程中导致其氧化的影响因素和所形成氧化物对使用性能的影响，以及润滑油基础油的氧化机理，叙述了酚类、胺类、有机铜盐、有机硫、烷基硫代氨基甲酸盐、有机磷、硫代苯并三氮唑、硒化物抗氧剂的抗氧化作用机理。     

无线电引信被干扰率及抗干扰率

本文从无线电引信相对杀伤比率出发，引伸出引信被干扰率及抗干扰率的定义及计算公式。     

氯酸钾－木炭系与铅丹－硅系引火药头对铁脚线桥脚锈蚀的影响

文中分析和探讨了氯酸钾－木炭系引火药头的锈蚀问题，进而提出了铅丹－硅系引火药头，并经贮存实验表明后者对于克服前者的锈蚀问题有明显的作用。     

Peculiarities of erosion-corrosion processes

Investigations have been carried out on an erosion-corrosion apparatus to investigate the behaviour of corrosion-resistant highalloy iron-base materials containing hard phases. These materials had been optimized for increased wear resistance under complex stress conditions. As expected, in dry erosion tests, very low mass losses were established; there was little difference between the materials. Also, in corrosive environments (NaCl, H₂SO₄), the materials showed good stability; however, the duplex structures were superior to the martensitic ones. The combination of erosion and corrosion produced large differences and, in some cases, markedly reduced resistance to damage. These results confirmed observations that it is impossible to deduce the environmentally influenced mechanical behaviour of an alloy from its behaviour in separate corrosion and erosion experiments. The basic mechanisms underlying these processes have been investigated only tentatively.     

钒钛渣对刚玉莫来石耐火材料的侵蚀研究

通过不同温度下钒钛渣对刚玉莫来石耐火材料的侵蚀实验，分析了炉渣、温度对材料的影响，认为致密结构、低气孔率是提高炉衬寿命的关键，板条状莫来石的存在利于减缓渣的侵蚀过程。     

GIS支持下的长江江苏河段深槽冲淤演变探讨

GIS强大的空间分析和空间数据库功能,提供了其它研究手段难以解决的河道水下地形冲淤变化分析及空间分布等问题的有力工具。本文在GIS技术的支持下,利用6个测次的长江(南京以下段)航道图数据,建立研究区域河道水下地形数据库,分析了河道冲淤变化及空间分布,分析计算结果表明研究区域1995年以前净面积减少,以冲刷为主,局部地区有淤积,但冲刷量大于淤积量,在1983年至1987年间净减少面积最大值为17.94km2.a-1;1995年以后净面积增加,以淤积为主,年净增面积达到13.43km2.a-1。同时基于GIS技术对河道形态、冲淤部位等进行实时的可视化显示,进一步对河道冲淤变化进行高效、准确的定量分析,更能有利于发现河道冲淤规律,为洪灾成因和防洪减灾对策研究提供决策支持。     

Stages of surface erosion under ion irradiation

Initial stages of surface erosion have been studied for NaCl and LiF single crystals bombarded by Ar⁺ ions with 20 keV. For irradiation with doses D=10¹⁰-10¹¹ ions/cm², exoelectron emission has been used, whereas for higher doses, we have used electron microscopy. Two stages of initial surface erosion have been identified; for small doses, there is slow development of atomic-scale roughening, which reaches its peak when areas damaged by closest incident ions start to overlap, and then, beginning with D=10¹⁶ ions/cm², there is rapid etching, deep into the crystal, followed by the emergence of secondary microscopic structure, i.e. caverns, concentric closed steps and terraces. Ion-induced surface structure of alkali halide crystals has been shown to depend strongly on the presence of foreign particles on the surface, as well as on segregation. Topography of thin carbon films and some metals have been discussed.     

振动筛合金篦条磨损机理及抗磨损技术

分析了山西焦化股份有限公司振动筛合金篦条磨损情况，对合金篦条磨损机理进行了研究，提出控制磨蚀和提高材料耐磨洼的方法。     

Simulation Modeling of Runoff,Groundwater Flow and Sediment Transport into Kastoria Lake,Greece

Kastoria Lake is located in northwestern Greece. The whole basin of the lake is about 253 km². For the computation of the surface water volume inflowing into the lake from the main streams of the sub-basins located around Kastoria Lake, a rainfall-runoff sub-model is used. A quasi-three-dimensional simulation model of the Kastoria basin aquifer is also realized, in order to estimate the groundwater contribution to the volumetric budget of the lake and the whole basin as well. For the computation of sediment load inflowing into the lake from the main streams of the sub-basins, the rainfall-runoff sub-model is combinedwith a soil erosion sub-model and a sediment transport sub-model for streams. A GIS was developed in the hydrologic basin with all data needed for parameter identification and model application. The data base was enriched by a series of on site measurements of water discharge made in all main streams for one whole hydrologic year. By means of the resulting mathematical sediment model, those sub-basins, which deliver most sediment load to the lake, are identified. On the basis of this identification, a series of control measures, for the reduction of sediment inflowing into the lake, at certain places of the above mentioned sub-basins is proposed.